What is a primary method by which pests can contaminate food and food surfaces?

Pests can contaminate food and food surfaces primarily through the introduction of microorganisms. When pests, such as rodents and insects, come into contact with food or food preparation surfaces, they can carry pathogenic microorganisms on their bodies or in their waste. These microorganisms are capable of causing foodborne illnesses when they enter the food supply, making it crucial to manage pest control effectively within food handling environments.

While physical damage to packaging may result in food being exposed to contaminants, it is not a direct method through which pests themselves introduce contamination. Increased moisture levels can create a conducive environment for microbial growth, but they do not represent a method of pest contamination. Similarly, improper food storage temperatures can lead to bacterial growth but do not inherently involve pests. Therefore, the mechanism of microbial introduction through pests is the most direct link to food contamination.